Neodymium
Neodymium is a rare-earth metal that forms very strong permanent magnets when alloyed with iron and boron.
Neodymium makes a strong magnet small enough to fit into everyday devices.
Explore Neodymium's atom- Atomic number
- 60
- Standard atomic weight
- 144.242(3)
- Family
- Lanthanide
- Period
- 6
- Group
- f-block
- Standard state
- Solid
In everyday life
Neodymium-iron-boron magnets appear in headphones, speakers and motors.
Something to remember
Neodymium and praseodymium were separated from material once thought to be a single element.
Meet its electrons
[Xe] 6s2 4f4
Published neutral-atom ground-state configuration; excited atoms and ions can differ.
Electrons per shell: 2 · 8 · 18 · 22 · 8 · 2.
The playground shows an illustrative shell model. Real electrons are described by quantum orbitals, rather than tiny planets traveling along fixed paths.
A connection to explore
Neodymium, iron and boron form a family of powerful permanent-magnet materials.
Meet Iron (Fe)Properties and conditions
- Standard atomic weight
- 144.242(3)CIAAW 2024 standard atomic weight (dimensionless). Parentheses give uncertainty in the last quoted digits. Source flags: g.CIAAW standard atomic weights ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- Standard state
- SolidPubChem classification, including explicit predictions where stated. Reference temperature and pressure are not supplied in the table.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- First ionisation energy
- 5.525 eVEnergy to remove the first electron from an isolated neutral gas-phase atom. Uncertainty is not supplied.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- Electronegativity
- 1.14 Pauling scaleA dimensionless relative measure; values depend on the chosen scale. Uncertainty is not supplied.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- Melting point
- 1294 KPubChem reported value. Pressure, allotrope and measurement uncertainty are not specified in the table; consult the cited source.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- Boiling point
- 3347 KPubChem reported value. Pressure and measurement uncertainty are not specified in the table; consult the cited source.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- Density
- 7.01 g/cm³PubChem reported value. Temperature, pressure, allotrope and measurement uncertainty are not specified in the table; gas densities are especially condition-dependent.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- Oxidation states
- +3Selected PubChem oxidation states; formal electron bookkeeping, not a list of stable free-ion charges or every possible compound.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- Discovery
- 1885PubChem discovery attribution. Ancient knowledge and competing priority claims cannot always be represented by a single year.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- Atomic radius
- 229 pmPubChem tabulated radius. Radius definitions depend on bonding and convention; measurement definition and uncertainty are not supplied in this table.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
- Electron affinity
- Not reportedPubChem reported gas-phase electron affinity. Sign conventions and electronic states matter; uncertainty is not supplied in this table.PubChem periodic table ↗ · Retrieved 2026-10-15
Isotopes, abundance and decay
Isotopes share a proton count but have different neutron counts. This selection includes naturally tabulated compositions and a reference isotope for other elements. It is not a list of every known isotope.
Explore 7 isotopes of Nd
| Isotope | Relative atomic mass | Natural fraction | Half-life | Decay |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nd-142 | 141.9077290(20) | 0.27152(40) | No decay observed | No decay tabulated |
| Nd-143 | 142.9098200(20) | 0.12174(26) | No decay observed | No decay tabulated |
| Nd-144 | 143.9100930(20) | 0.23798(19) | 2.29 Py (uncertainty 0.16) | ;α=100 |
| Nd-145 | 144.9125793(20) | 0.08293(12) | No decay observed | ;A ? |
| Nd-146 | 145.9131226(20) | 0.17189(32) | No decay observed | ;2β− ?;A ? |
| Nd-148 | 147.9168993(26) | 0.05756(21) | No decay observed | ;2β− ?;A ? |
| Nd-150 | 149.9209022(18) | 0.05638(28) | 9.3 Ey (uncertainty 0.7) | ;2β−=100 |
Fractions use NIST’s terrestrial isotopic compositions, which can vary by sample. Parentheses denote uncertainty in the last digits. Half-lives and decay branches use NUBASE2020; # marks estimates, >/< mark limits. “No decay observed” follows that evaluation and does not prove permanent stability. Decay branch intensities are percentages; SF means spontaneous fission, EC electron capture, IT an isomeric transition.
Follow the science
Use these original references to explore the data and context. Atomic weights can vary with isotope composition; values for elements without stable isotopes may describe a representative isotope rather than a standard atomic weight.